Everything about Alveolar Consonant totally explained
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior
alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the
alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue (so-called
apical consonants), as in English, or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip (the "blade" of the tongue; called
laminal consonants), as in French and Spanish. The laminal alveolar articulation is often mistakenly called
dental, because the tip of the tongue can be seen near to or touching the teeth. However, it's the rearmost point of contact that defines the place of articulation; this is where the oral cavity ends, and it's the resonant space of the oral cavity that gives consonants and vowels their characteristic timbre.
The
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) doesn't have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants. Rather, the same symbol is used for all
coronal places of articulation which aren't
palatalized like English
palato-alveolar sh, or
retroflex. To disambiguate, the
bridge ([s̪,t̪, n̪, l̪],
etc.) may be used for a dental consonant, or the
under-bar ([s̠,t̠, n̠, l̠],
etc.) may be used for the
postalveolars. Note that [s̪] differs from dental [θ] in being a
sibilant, rather than a
thibilant. [s̠] differs from postalveolar [ʃ] in being unpalatalized.
The bare letters [s,t, n, l],
etc. can't be assumed to specifically represent alveolars. The language may not make such distinctions, such that two or more coronal
places are found
allophonically, or the transcription may simply be too broad to distinguish dental from alveolar. If it's necessary to specify a consonant as alveolar, a diacritic from the
Extended IPA may be used: [s͇,t͇, n͇, l͇],
etc.. Nonetheless, the symbols
themselves are frequently called 'alveolar', and the language examples below are all alveolar sounds.
(The Extended IPA diacritic was devised for
speech pathology and is frequently used to mean 'alveolarized', as in the labioalveolar sounds [p͇,b͇, m͇, f͇, v͇], where the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge.)
Alveolar consonants in IPA
The alveolar/coronal consonants identified by the IPA are:
| IPA |
Description |
Example |
| Language |
Orthography |
IPA |
Meaning in English |
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Further Information
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